Volume 22 – Issue 4 (October – December 2013)

Objectives :

The objectives of this study were to investigate the pattern of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients at the Aga Khan University Hospital and to find out the most frequently occurring dental anomaly.

Methadology:

This was a descriptive study conducted at the dental clinic, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. The data was collected using pretreatment panoramic radiographs of orthodontic patients who presented at the dental clinic and a total of 570 patients who fulfilled our selection criteria were included in this study. On the pretreatment panoramic radiographs, following dental anomalies were noted: agenesis, supernumerary teeth, dilacerations and taurodontism.

Result:

Out of a total of 570 patients, dental anomalies were seen in 74 (12.9%) patients. Hypodontia was the most common finding, occurring in 39 (6.8%) patients with the lower second premolar being the most commonly missing tooth (28.2% of all missing teeth). Dilaceration was observed in 25 (4.3%), supernumerary teeth in 6 (1%) and taurodontism in 4 (0.7%) patients.

Conclusions:

It was observed that about 13% of patients showed at least one dental anomaly. Hypodontia was the most common anomaly while taurodontism was the least frequently seen anomaly.

Keywords:

Panoramic radiographs, hypodontia, supernumerary, dilaceration, taurodontism.

Objective:

The study was conducted to evaluate the histomorphological effects of low frequency noise on the periodontium of mice.

Methodology:

Thirty BALBc mice, both male and female, were selected and divided into three equal groups having equal number of male and female animals. Control group A was exposed to normal environment of animal house, experimental group B was kept in silent condition and experimental group C was exposed to low frequency noise of 200 Hz for three months. The results of the experimental groups were compared with the control, and with each other. Statistical analysis was done using chisquare test at a confidence level of 95 percent and p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Presence of keratinization of sulcular epithelium was statistically significant when group A was compared with group B and group B was compared with group C. Although there was no statistically significant difference in mean thickness of sulcular epithelium among the three groups but it was comparatively less in group C.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that low frequency noise significantly increases the keratinization of sulcular epithelium

Keyword:

Low frequency noise, keratinization, periodontium, Sulcular epithelium

Objective

The objective of this study were to
• To btain the profile of ectodermal dysplasia(ED)patients reporting to tertiary care dental hospital for oral rehabilitation.
• Report treatment modalities offered to ED patients

Methodology:

It was a cross sectional study conducted at department of Prosthodontics, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. The duration of study was one year. One hundred ED patients were selected by purposive non-probability sampling technique. After taking consent, structured Performa was filled. Their clinical features were noted, radiographic analysis was also carried out and treatment was provided. After collection of data, statistical analysis done by SPSS software program and results were tabulated

Results:

A total of 100 (57 male & 43 females) patients were included in this study. These patients were divided into five groups on the basis of their age. 42 males and 21 females had history of ED in their family. On the basis of missing teeth pattern, 27 % patients were categorized into mild to moderate hypodontia, 69% had severe hypodontia and 2% had anodontia. Conical teeth were found in 30% patients while 11% had peg shape teeth. In 40% patients mandibular third molar were un erupted (38 & 48 both 20% each) while 23% had un erupted maxillary third molar (18= 11% & 28= 12%). In one patient left maxillary second molar was unerupted and in one patient all mandibular incisors were unerupted. Removable partial dentures were fabricated for 72 patients (females 32% and males 40%). Partial over denture were provided to 08 patients while for 64 patients, conventional removable partial denture were fabricated. Conventional complete dentures were provided for 10 males (10%) and 4 females (4%). Fixed Prosthodontics treatment was provided to 15 patients, 8 were males (8%) and 7 were females (7%). Five patients did not come on their subsequent visits, so no prosthodontics treatment was provided for these patients

Conclusion:

Most common presentation of ED patients was severe hypodontia. Patients were treated with removable and fixed prosthesis.

Keyword:

Ectodermal dysplasia, hypodontia, Prosthodontic treatment options, removable and fixed prosthesis.

Dental enamel is an unusual tissue in that once formed it is not remodeled, unlike other hard tissues such as bone. Because of its non remodeling nature, alterations of enamel during its formation are permanently recorded on the tooth surface. As enamel formation can be affected by many factors, the changes induced in the enamel formation, can provide clues as to the timing and nature of these events. Enamel defects may thus be studied as a marker of many adverse biological events occurring during the time of its development. One such developmental defect of the enamel occurring due to changes in the environmental factors causing permanent damage of the enamel is Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). MIH presents the clinical picture of hypomineralization of systemic origin affecting one or more first permanent molars (FPMs) that are associated frequently with affected incisors. Systemic conditions or environmental insults during the child’s first 3 years have etiological associations. In treatment modalities complex care may involve, including the management of behavior and anxiety of affected children and aiming to provide a durable restoration under pain-free conditions. The challenges include a number of other requisites such as adequate anesthesia, suitable cavity design, and choice of restorative materials. The purpose of this review is to comprehend the knowledge about the diagnosis, prevalence, putative etiological factors, and features of hypomineralized enamel in molar incisor hypomineralization and to present a sequential approach to management.

Keyword

MIH, PFM, Hypominerelization.

Miswak, as a cultural and scientific heritage oral hygiene tool, it is now being evaluated on evidencebased criteria. Through comparing the naturally-occurring and scientific evolution of Salvadora persica’s usage, we will be able to better understand the uniqueness of miswak, relative to that of other oral hygiene tools as being a solo oral hygiene tool of a significant part of theWorld population. The review is an update on chemical composition, antimicrobial, anticariogenic, anti plaque, and antigingivtis effects of miswak on oral health in the context of invitro experiments and clinical trials. Special emphasize is on how to use and when to use miswak for effective cleaning of teeth and mouth. Recent scientific evidence regarding its probiotic role, cell viability and comparative cytotoxicity and research trends will be highlighted.

It is hoped that the review will help health care professionals to have better knowledge and awareness about miswak, to improve the quality of life of their culturally diverse patients population who are uninitiated for regular oral hygiene measures due to various constraints. The use of miswak on population bases is in line with the theme of primary health care approach (PHCA) and oral health promotion. Miswak has wider acceptance among many communities and populations around the world.

Keyword

Miswak, Chewing stick, Salvadora persica, natural tooth brush, oral hygiene.

Risks involved in removal of impacted mandibular third molars are, by far, much higher than the perceived risk of development of any condition compelling their prophylactic removal. Mandibular third molars, lying in close proximity to the most important sensory nerves especially the mandibular nerve, pose a considerable threat of possible neurological injury. Removal of impacted mandibular third molars especially if asymptomatic, is not desirable and has detrimental consequences affecting the patient’s quality of life. Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve may result in paraesthesias or abnormal sensations, hypoaesthesias, dysaesthesias and even anesthesia with or without taste disturbances. This paper reviews a case involving prophylactic bilateral extractions of impacted mandibular third molars in a male patient 26 years of age, the aftereffects that occurred and some directives to improved management and avoidance of such problems.

Keywords

Third Molar, Mandibular nerve, Paresthesia, Anesthesia.

Risks involved in removal of impacted mandibular third molars are, by far, much higher than the perceived risk of development of any condition compelling their prophylactic removal. Mandibular third molars, lying in close proximity to the most important sensory nerves especially the mandibular nerve, pose a considerable threat of possible neurological injury. Removal of impacted mandibular third molars especially if asymptomatic, is not desirable and has detrimental consequences affecting the patient’s quality of life. Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve may result in paraesthesias or abnormal sensations, hypoaesthesias, dysaesthesias and even anesthesia with or without taste disturbances. This paper reviews a case involving prophylactic bilateral extractions of impacted mandibular third molars in a male patient 26 years of age, the aftereffects that occurred and some directives to improved management and avoidance of such problems.

Keywords

Third Molar, Mandibular nerve, Paresthesia, Anesthesia.

Orthodontic treatment methodology has evolved considerably in the past few decades and much of technological advances are definitely improving the efficiency and delivery of orthodontic treatment, but come at a higher cost. One such example is the commercial indirect bonding. In certain orthodontic cases with special needs indirect bonding (IDB) is not a luxury but a necessity and should be considered . The additional cost can be eliminated by simple chairside technique that can be applied with success. The aim of this paper is to discuss an orthodontic case where IDB was used to successfully complete the case in shortest possible treatment time and secondly the methodology employed – The Brisbane Orthodontics IDB Protocol.

Keyword

Special cases orthodontic, Simple Indirect Bonding.

Altered cast impression technique is commonly used for the mandibular distal extension partially dentulous arches. The technique is relatively simple but requires increased chair-side time and laboratory cost. Oral tissues that have been displaced during the impression procedure attempt to regain the anatomic form and they may get inflamed if the denture base does not permit them to do so. The aim of this case report is to portray an approach of recording a minimal tissue displacing altered cast impression using addition cured silicone material.

Keywords:

Distal extension bases, Stability, Addition Cured Silicones, Altered Cast Technique, Corrected Cast Technique