Volume 21 – Issue 1 (Jan – March 2012)

OBJECTIVE:

Dental treatment including implant therapy is often regarded as painful, at times depriving patients from having dental implants. The aim of this study was to assess patient perception of pain prior to implant surgery to and their actual pain felt after implant placement in a private dental office in a Pakistani population.

METHODOLOGY:

Two hundred and eight Straumann dental implants were placed in seventy six patients. Patients were evaluated at two points, immediately prior to surgery (T1) and ten days postoperatively (T2). A combined word descriptor, graphical and visual analogue scale was used to assess patient response.We assessed some of the major factors that may increase the perception of pain, actual pain felt and suggest methodologies to make dental implant surgery a less painful procedure.

RESULTS:

Our results add to the literature on patients having high expectations of pain prior to implant placement and little or no pain post-operatively. Females exhibited both more pre surgical perception of pain and actual perceived pain post surgical. Similar to other studies old aged patients also showed less perception of pain pre surgical and lesser pain perceived post surgical.

CONCLUSION:

The perception that implant dentistry is a painful procedure should be addressed to increase the percentage of acceptance of this vital treatment modality. This study co relates perception of pain prior to implant placement ,to actual pain felt during and after the procedure, strengthening previous beliefs that, implant therapy should not be painful, thus increasing the overall acceptance of this treatment modality.

Keyword

Dental pain , Dental implant, Pain scale, Anxiety

OBJECTIVE:

Firearm injuries constitute a major challenging problem in maxillofacial surgery, causing major deformities of human body, and financial Burden to our society. Violent crimes are the major cause.

Unemployed youth and socioeconomic deprivations are factors which contribute towards violence. There are few important steps in management of head and neck gunshot injuries, obtaining an airway, control hemorrhage, recognizing additional injuries and finally definitive repair facial deformities. The objective of this study was to report the causes, and patterns of maxillofacial gunshot injuries.

METHODOLOGY:

A retrospective assessment of patients treated for gunshot injuries at Mayo hospital Lahore from May 2007 to July 2009 and February 2010 to January 2011 at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad was conducted , and data was collected with special emphasis on the patient’s demographics ,mode of injury, initial airway management, and bone injuries

RESULTS:

The sample consisted of 120 patients. (78.3 %) males, in third and fourth decade of age were the most common group, violent crime (62.5 %) was the predominant cause, and mandible (58.3%) was the most common site of injury.

CONCLUSIONS:

From this Available information provided in this study, is concluded that violent crime was major cause of facial gunshot injuries. Male gender and young adults were the most commonly victimized patients.

KEYWORDS:

Comminuted mandible fracture, Gunshot injuries, Air way management, violent crimes.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the role of periodontal disease in the development of adverse pregnancy outcome including low birth weight, preterm labor and to measure abnormal C reactive protein and its impact on adverse pregnancy outcome

METHODOLOGY:

This was a case control study. Periodontal disease was considered as 3 mm in 33 or more teeth.Adverse pregnancy outcome (APO)was defined as a singleton preterm birth and low birth weight.All mothers were interviewed and examined for periodontal disease. A blood sample of 3 ml was taken for C reactive protein assessment at the time of examination.Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS windows version 17

RESULTS:

There were 600mothers observed for periodontal disease and c reactive protein and adverse pregnancy outcome. The adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) included preterm labour and low birth weight 29(21.5%).The birthweight < 2500 gms (low birthweight) was twicemore prone to developAPO due to Periodontal disease (PD) compared to controlswith birthweight> 2500gms.The gestational age before 37weeks (preterm)was 4 timesmore commonwith PDcompared to controls.

CONCLUSION:

Adverse pregnancy outcome is a possible complication ofmaternal periodontal disease.

KEYWORDS:

Periodontal disease, adverse pregnancy outcome, preterm labour, low birth weight, C reactive protein, risk factors

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of the present studywere to determine the oral hygiene practices and perceptions of patients attending Dr. Ishrat-ul- abad Institute of Oral health Sciences,Dow University Health Sciences,Karachi

METHODOLOGY

Across-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted during January to June 2011.A total of 1059 patientswere interviewed from a structured questionnaire at PeriodontologyDepartment of Dr. Ishratul-Ebad Institute of Oral Health Sciences, DUHS, Karachi. All patients seeking dental care at Outpatients Department were examined and interviewed by Dentists and Periodontist. The dental examinations were conducted focusing the oral hygiene as per standard oral hygiene practices.The study participantswere recruited by non probability convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding practices and perception on oral hygiene.Datawas recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 16.

RESULTS

1059 respondents consented for interview regarding oral hygiene practices and perception.Most of the patients 694 (65.5%) belonged to 18-25 years of age.Most of the patients seeking dental care were female 684(64.6 %). The optimum oral hygiene practices and ideal perceptions 694 (65.5%)were found in age group 18-25 and were higher in females 684(64.9%) at significant level of 5%.

CONCLUSION:

Oral health practices and perception vary based on age group and gender. The poor resources for dental care, common malpractices and the nonavailability of professional care were the main barriers in seeking optimumdental care.

KEYWORDS:

Practices, Perception, oral hygiene,Oral health, ral hygiene,Bad oralHygiene

OBJECTIVE:

Restorations in primary teeth continue to be an important facet of restorative dentistry. Traditionally, posterior primary teeth have been restored with amalgam. Recently, there has been a range of tooth-colored materials available for restoring primary and young mixed dentitions. These materials are conventional glass ionomer cements and composite resins, resin-modified glass ionomer cements and compomers.

To compare the clinical performance of conventional glass ionomer cement with compomer, in class II restorations in primary molars.

METHODOLOGY:

This was a quasi experimental study conducted at Operative Department of Fatima Jinnah Dental College Hospital, Karachi during period of six months, on 132 patients meeting the inclusion criteria (2 proximally carious primary molars, 264 carious lesions) were included in the study. All 132 patients enrolled in the study were recalled after six months and restorations were clinically examined for marginal adaptation and anatomic form.

RESULTS:

Out of 264 restorations, 10 teeth were lost because of the normal exfoliation of primary teeth.124 restorations failed during the follow-up period from which 123 (93.2%) were conventional glass ionomer cement and only 1(0.8%) was compomer.

CONCLUSIONS:

In terms of marginal adaptation and anatomic form, compomer performed significantly better than Conventional glass ionomer cement in class II cavity in primary molars.

KEYWORDS:

Class II Restorations, Compomer, Conventional glass ionomer cement, Primary Molars.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the ability of locating the second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars with magnification (dental loupes 3.5x)

METHODOLOGY:

a Cross sectional study. 300 freshly extractedmaxillary firstmolarswere stored in 1% thymol solution for 1 week. Rhomboidal access cavities were prepared in these teeth and chamber cleared to look for canals first with naked eye and then with dental loupes (x3.5). If MB2 was detected two periapical radiographswere exposed with files inMB andMB2 canals. The data was analyzed using chi squared test on SPSS version 10.

RESULTS:

In 77 out of 300 extracted teethMB2 canalwas locatedwith naked eye andwith the use of dental loupes the number of located canals increased to 265. There was a statistically significant difference between the two methods of identification of MB2 canals (p value <0.005)

CONCLUSION:

Use of magnification increases the number of MB2 canals located in maxillary first molars compared to those locatedwith naked eye examination alone in vitro

Keywords

magnificaton, loupes, location of canals, second mesiobuccal canal,maxillary first molar

OBJECTIVE:

to assess the prevalence can not be changed because no alternative discrepancy for Saudi female orthodontic patients.

METHODOLOGY:

This study consists of 92 pretreatment study casts of female patients. were carried out by electronic digital caliper.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of tooth size discrepancies (TSDs) outside of 2 StandardDeviation (SD) from Bolton’s meanwere 14.1%for the overall ratio and 20.7%for the anterior ratio.

CONCLUSION:

Large number of Saudi female orthodontic patients tend to posses Bolton tooth-size discrepancy which may effect orthodontic treatment goals and results. Thus, our results support that Bolton analysis should be used routinely for every orthodontic case before starting the treatment.

KEYWORDS:

Bolton ratio,Tooth size discrepancy, Saudi,Orthodontic patients

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the susceptibility pattern of streptococcal isolates fromoral cavity against commonly used antibiotics.

METHODOLOGY:

Oral samples, including subgingival swabs, were collected from 120 patients aged 12 to 60 years. Two swabs were collected; first for rapid-strep testing for the presumptive diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal infection and second to culture for definitive bacterial identification. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains of streptococcus was done by direct disk diffusion method. Four different classes of antibiotics; Penicillin,Cephalosporin,Macrolide, andVancomycinwere tested to determine the sensitivity pattern.

RESULTS:

Out of 100 isolates recovered, the prevalence of streptococcal species was 74%. The greatest zone of inhibition was achieved with amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and vancomycin (16, 17, and 18 mm respectively).Zones of inhibitionmeasured for cephalosporins andmacrolideswere less than the other groups (10.5 and 11mmrespectively).

CONCLUSION:

Amoxicillin is still the drug of choice for prophylactic and therapeutic use in our dental settings not only for its better coverage on the streptococcus species but also due to its easy availability and affordability. This corresponds with the international literature, however, the importance of obtaining specimens for culture and sensitivity should be observed as a standard procedure, to minimize the chances of development of resistance and identify the changing trends of the infectivity mode.

KEYWORDS:

Antibiotics, sensitivity pattern, oralmicroflora, streptococci.

The invention of dental resin based-composites (RBCs) has provided a broad range ofmaterials for the restoration of load-bearing posterior teeth with excellent clinical results and adequate longevity. A variety of RBCs, namely “microhybrid”, “nanohybrid” and “nanofilled” have been marketed with bold claims of a technological advancement. Although “microhybrid”, “nanohybrid” and “nanofilled” RBCs have exhibited a degree of clinical and experimental success compared with their predecessors, however, it is difficult to justify which RBC is superior as a result of slight variations in filler size and associated interchangeable mechanical and physical properties of RBCs. The objective of the current review article is to highlight the development of various filler particles of dental RBCs and resultant variation in mechanical and physical properties which may ultimately provide directions for future research on the RBCs.

KEYWORD

ResinmonomerKEYWORDS:Resin Monomers

Implant supported prostheses have been used extensively to rehabilitate completely edentulous arches.

Combinations of different restorativematerials have been reported to fabricate such prostheses. Mostly,metal is the material of choice for acrylic resin reinforcement. However, cost and common occurrence of section and solder for passive fit of frameworks are drawbacks for metal. Zirconia has been utilized widely in restorative dentistry as an alternative tometal.This case report demonstrates fabrication of zirconia reinforced cementable hybrid prosthesis.

KEYWORDS:

Zirconia,Hybrid prosthesis,Edentulous arch, Implant supported prosthesis.

Implant supported prostheses have been used extensively to rehabilitate completely edentulous arches.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia clearly appears to be a form of bone and cemental dysplasia which is limited to jaws. Fcod is more common in middle aged black women (3). In some cases, the lesion is totally asymptomatic and is found when radiography is performed for other purpose. Radiographically this lesion occurs in two or more quadrants as multiple masses with noticeable tendency for bilateral and usually in tooth bearing regions. We present two rare cases of Floride cement-osseous dysplasia.The first case occurs in a 20 and second in a 25 years oldPersianwoman that is rarewith regard to this race and sex.

KEYWORDS:

Asymptomate FlorideCemento-Osseous dysplasia, Race, Radiographically, Sex.

This book reflects the collective team skills and experience of what is probably the worlds’ first multi-disciplinary hypodontia clinic which was established by Professor Hobkirk at the Eastman Dental Hospital London in 1977. It provides unique repository of knowledge for clinicians called upon to help individuals and their families affected by the condition. This writing is comprehensive and describes and explains the condition of hypodontia and its clinical management using current information, best practice and a problem based approach.