Volume 20 – Issue 1 (Jan – March 2011)

ABSTRACT:

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a bizarre condition that may lead to retention of deciduous teeth, malpositioned teeth, masticatory disturbances, and has potential effects on oral hygiene, aesthetic, functional and psychological aspects of life. A case report of 17 year old young girl suffering from gingival fibromatosis is presented. Surgical reduction and recontouring of the gingiva were performed. Electrocautery and reverse bevel incision were utilized to cut gingiva back to its expected normal level, along with reduction of abnormal excessive tissue to improve the functional and aesthetic concerns of girl.

KEYWORDS:

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis, HGF.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of acquired postsurgical maxillary defects for Prosthodontics rehabilitation in patients at AFID.

METHODOLOGY:

A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry from January 2002 to February 2010. A total of 38 acquired postsurgical maxillary defect patients referred from Oral & Maxillofacial surgery department, with an age ranging between 37-75 years and a mean age of 56 years were included in the study. Among these 28 (73.68%) were male and 10 (26.31%) were female. These Acquired postsurgical maxillary defects were classified according to Aramany Classification system.

RESULT:

It was observed that 17 (44%) of all patients had unilateral maxillary defects (class I) while 8 (21%) defects were class II. Class III and class V defects were equally found. Unilateral maxillary defect (class I) was most commonly found and class VI defect was least commonly seen in study sample.

CONCLUSION:

Oral rehabilitation of orofacial cancer patient is a challenge for the prosthodontists in term of defect prostheses design and its periodic care. The Aramany classification is helpful in providing basic design framework and enhances communication among prosthodontists.

KEYWORDS:

Acquired postsurgical maxillary defects, Aramany classification.

ABSTRACT:

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that is rapidly seeping into our lives due to reason like sedentary dietary habits and genetic predisposition. A number of oral diseases and disorders have been associated with diabetes mellitus. Periodontitis has been identified as a possible risk factor for poor metabolic control in subjects with diabetes. Hence the diabetes is a disorder of importance to dentists, dental hygienists and to patients seen in the dental office as it has bidirectional relationship with periodontitis. The authors reviewed the literature to identify oral conditions that are affected by diabetes mellitus. They also examined the data concerning periodontitis as a modifier of glycemic control and it is also evident that dental clinic can be a site for diagnosis and prevention of poor glycemic control. Although a number of oral disorders have been associated with diabetes mellitus, the data support the fact that periodontitis is a complication of diabetes. Patients with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes are at high risk of developing periodontitis and the development of other clinical complications of diabetes. Evidence suggests that periodontal changes are one of the foremost clinical manifestation of diabetes.

Diabetes is an important and wide spreading health care problem. The evidence suggests that oral health care providers can have a significant, positive effect on the oral and general health of patients with diabetes mellitus; the dental office could provide an important opportunity to identify individuals unaware of their diabetic status.

KEYWORDS:

Diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, diabetes complications, oral hygiene.

OBJECTIVE:

Premolars having smaller dimensions when exhibit structural-compromise require specific restorative and endodontic considerations. This study reports the efficacy of two core-buildup techniques for supporting artificial crowns on endo-treated structurally compromized premolars.

METHODOLOGY:

This study was conducted in Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Fatima Jinnah Dental Hospital, Karachi (Pakistan). Treatment-outcome scores based on clinical and radiographic examination, for endodontically treated premolar teeth restored with either a titanium post-resin-core or Nayyar-core supporting metal-ceramic crowns were recorded. These were recorded in 202 patients, during January 2008 November 2009, through follow-up of the restorations at 1, 2 and 3 months post-restoration periods. Data included the recording of patients’ age, tooth location, the extent of structural-deficit, the type of restoration. Using 5 determinants of treatment-outcome for the restored teeth, individual and mean scores for teeth were recorded. The score for each of the 5 determinants of treatment outcome was either 0 or 1 thus giving a total score ranging from 0 to 5. A higher score-value indicated poorer treatment outcome. Scores were compared and analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test .

RESULT:

Patients had mean age 37.3 + 11.7 years. Teeth with Nayyar-core supported crowns was done in 128 (65.3%) cases as compared to post-resin-core supported crowns in 74 (34.7%) cases. Association between tooth structure loss and restoration type was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). All teeth restored with Nayyar-core had > 1 wall remaining as compared to having 1 or 2 remaining walls in teeth restored with post-resin-core-crowns. At each follow-up examination, there was no significant difference between the mean outcome scores for teeth restored with Nayyar-core or post-resin-core.

CONCLUSION:

Irrespective of the varying tooth-structure deficit, both types of cores proved effective in supporting artificial crowns during the follow-up period.

KEYWORDS:

Endo-treated-teeth, Post-resin-core build-up, Nayyar-core, Corono-radicular amalgam core, Treatment-outcome.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries for Saudi school girls aged 12-15 years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

METHODOLOGY:

A cross sectional study was conducted in which the examination form and questionnaire used in this study were the same previously designed and utilized forms by Al-Majed et al12 for the purpose of facilitating the comparison of dental trauma results of the two genders.

RESULT:

A total of 255 girls aged 12-15 years, attending 12 schools in Riyadh were examined at school. The prevalence of dental trauma in 255 12-15-year-old Saudi girls was 31.4%. The commonest dental trauma was fracture of enamel (59.4%), discoloration (25%), fractured into dentin (2.3%) and loss of the tooth due to trauma (1.6%). A significant relationship (p=0.01) between the increased overjet (≥4mm) and the permanent dentition was reported. The present study found that the treatment of dental trauma in 12-15-year-old girls was trivial. The current sample of Saudi girls showed slightly lower prevalence of dental trauma in 12-15year-old girls than the previous Saudi boys study but higher prevalence rate than the reported results of the United Kingdom children’s Dental Health Survey of the same age groups.

CONCLUSION:

The prevalence of dental trauma to maxillary incisors in 12-15 year old Saudi schoolgirls was 31.4% which is considered high. The present study showed a significant relationship between dental trauma in 12-15 year old schoolgirls and the excessive overjet. The awareness program in dental trauma prevention should include certain dietary habits and home safety.

KEYWORDS:

Prevalence, dental trauma, Permanent incisors, school girls; Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the compliance of dental practitioners towards disinfection of dental impressions and to notify the reasons if they do not follow the general guidelines of impressions disinfection.

METHODOLOGY:

A questionnaire that comprised of 10 questions was distributed to the general dental practitioners doing private clinics and to various dental colleges and universities of Karachi, Pakistan. Questionnaires were recollected after a period of 3 weeks.

RESULT:

A response rate of 74.6% was achieved. 58.5% of practitioners don not disinfect and 15.6% do not even rinse their dental impressions after they are made. Shortage of disinfectant solutions in clinical practices and lack of awareness of the importance of the issue, were among the most common reasons of their negligence.

CONCLUSION:

The response from the dentists indicates that the dental colleges in Karachi should incorporate the impression disinfection protocol in their curriculum.

KEYWORDS:

Dental Impressions; Disinfection.

OBJECTIVE:

This cross-sectional study aimed to report utilization of space maintainers by first and second grade female (6 & 7 year old) students in Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

METHODOLOGY:

A total of 609 school girls were included in the study. The schools were randomly selected from a list of all public elementary girls’ schools to represent the five different educational zones of Riyadh city. Dental examination was conducted in schools by one examiner visually using penlight, individually wrapped and sterilized mouth mirrors and gloves.

RESULT:

Out of the 609 children examined, {337 (55.3%) were 6 year old and 272 (44.7%) were 7 year old}, 156 (25.6%) had premature loss of teeth. All the prematurely missing teeth were primary molars and or canines except for two children where each of them had one of the permanent incisors prematurely missing. Only 6 children (3.8%) utilized space maintainers in the place of tooth loss. A total of 8 space maintainers were utilized by the 6 children replacing missing primary molars. No space maintainer was utilized in place of missing primary canines or permanent incisors. Fifty percent of the children (24) having primary canines prematurely missing had their midline shifted to the affected side.

CONCLUSION:

From the present study we can conclude that only very few (3.8%) of the examined children utilized space maintainers after premature tooth loss. Increasing the parent’s knowledge about the consequences of premature loss of primary teeth, the importance of maintaining the space of a lost tooth, and encouraging dental practitioners to use the space maintainers whenever indicated are all needed to reduce the expected malocclusion.

KEYWORDS:

space maintainers, primary teeth.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the association between seroprevalence of HBsAg and Anti HCV virus and high risk groups among patients attending minor oral surgery clinics.

METHODOLOGY:

This observational study was carried out in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Abbasi Shaheed Hospital/KMDC Karachi; patients above 18 years of age, with no previous history of seropositive Hepatitis B, C or chronic liver disease were included during a period from January 2008 to April 2008.

RESULT:

In a study of 200 patients Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B was 10 (5.0%) and that of Hepatitis C was 8 (4.0%). Out of total 10 HbsAg positive patients 8 (80%) were from high risk group and 2 (20.0%) were from low risk group. Among high risk groups 3 (30%)of patients had a history of surgery only in past one year followed by 2 (20%) of patients with a history of surgery and blood transfusion combined. HCV antibody titer was positive for 100% of I/V Drug Users.

CONCLUSION:

In patients attending oral surgery clinicsOral prevalence of HBs antigen exceeds HCV antibody in this sample population. HCV antibody was particularly prevalent in I/V drug users. HBV was prevalent in both I/V drug users and patients with a history of surgery during the past one year.

KEYWORDS:

Sero-prevalence, HbsAg, Anti HCV, Minor Oral Surgery.