Volume 19 – Issue 1 (Jan – Mar 2010)

Abstract

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain or burning sensation affecting the oral mucosa in the absence of apparent mucosal abnormalities. This disorder is one of the most common disorders encountered in the clinical practice of oral and maxillofacial pathology. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, however the exact underlying etiology remains uncertain. BMS occurs most often among women and may be accompanied by xerostomia and altered taste. This article discusses several aspects of BMS, updates current knowledge about the pathogenesis and describes the clinical features as well as the management of BMS patients.

KEYWORDS:

burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia, dysgeusia.

ABSTRACT:

Exaggerated curvatures of root canals have historically been difficult to treat. The present case report deals with one such case. A 40 year old male presented with signs and symptoms of pulpal pathosis in right lower second molar. Pre operative radiograph revealed an exaggerated curvature of mesial roots. The case was treated with ISO standerdized NiTi manual files using the modified double flared technique. Patient came back for a recall visit after a year and was symptomless.

KEYWORDS:

Canal curvature, NiTi files, modified double flared technique.

Williams syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome with distinctive craniofacial features, cardiovascular abnormalities, and behavior characteristics including mental retardation. This case report describes the facio-dental characteristics in a case of Williams syndrome and discusses the problems that may confront the dentists while treating children with Williams syndrome.

KEY WORDS:

Williams syndrome, clinical manifestations, facio-dental characteristics, medical considerations.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution of various oral cleft types and the occlusion status of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) attending dental treatment in the College of Dentistry at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

METHODOLOGY:

The present study was retrospective cross-sectional study done by reviewing the cleft lip and/or palate patients’ dental records, and study models. All CLP patients with deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions were included. A special form was designed exclusively for collecting the required information of every subject. Gender, age, type of cleft and dentition, and occlusion were statistically analyzed using proportional Z test (P<0.05).

RESULTS:

A total of 165 subjects (109 males (65.5%) and 57 (34.5%) females), constituted the study population. The prevalence among gender was statistically significant (P<0.0005). Among the 165 subjects, 35 (21.2%) were <6 years, 72 (43.6%) were between 7 and 12 years, and 58 (35.2%) were >12 years. Most of the subjects 125 (75.8%) had combined cleft lip and palate (P<0.0005). No statistical difference between the prevalence of unilateral cleft 87 (52.7%) and bilateral clefts 56(33.9%) (P=0.263).

In subjects with primary dentition, mesial-step molar relationship was the most common 27(84.4%) (P<0.0005), while class I molar relationship was the most common type in subjects with mixed or permanent dentitions 85(58.2%) (P<0.0005). Combination of posterior and anterior cross-bites were found in the sample; right side 81(29.8%), left side 86(31.6%) and anterior 105(38.6%).. Decreased overbite 101(70.1%) and overjet 98(67.6%) were more commonly found (P<0.000).

CONCLUSION:

Various types of CLP were studies and results showed that male subjects were affected more than females. Majority of subjects had the cleft lip and palate type. Anterior and posterior cross-bites, as well as decreased overbite and overject were found in most of the sample. Results indicate the need for interceptive orthodontic in CLP subjects

KEYWORDS:

Cleft lip, Ckeft plate, Occlusion, Mixed Dentition, Permanent Dentition

Calcium hydroxide is an effective biocompatible substance that has been widely studied in scientific research, and is regarded as the material of choice for treating intracanal infections. The paper discusses a case of a non vital central incisor with a large periapical lesion, in which calcium hydroxide paste containing iodoform as a radiopacifier was used. There was an un-intentional extrusion of calcium hydroxide during application. The patient was seen at a regular periodic recall for one year. The followup revealed that the accidental extrusion of calcium hydroxide did not have any detrimental effect on periapical healing

KEY WORDS:

Periapical lesion, calcium hydroxide, Iodoform.

The aim of this study was to determine change in the position of hyoid bone with functional appliance treatment.

METHODOLOGY:

The present study was carried out using pre-functional and post-functional cephalographs of patients attending the Orthodontic Clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from 2003 to 2007. This study was conducted on 30 Pakistani subjects (12 males and 18 females) aged between 9 to 14 years, treated with removable or fixed functional appliances. Cephalometric points, linear and angular measurements assessing position of hyoid bone on pre-and-post functional cephalographs were recorded. Paired sample t-test was used to depict the change in the position of hyoid bone following functional appliance treatment.

RESULTS:

Linear and angular cephalometric measurements depicting the position of hyoid bone after functional appliance treatment were statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSION:

There was no statistically significant change observed in the position of hyoid bone with functional appliance treatment.

KEY WORDS:

Hyoid bone, functional appliance, cephalographs.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore, in local subjects, the effect, on oral-health-impact-profile (OHIP) scores, of missing teeth, edentulous areas and some socio-demographic factors.

METHODOLOGY:

During the period from June to November 2007, a cross-sectional study involving 243 partially dentate subjects was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar (Pakistan). With the method of interviewing and clinical examination and using a 33-OHIP-statements sheet, OHIP scores for subjects were determined. Socio-demographic as well as data for the number of missing teeth and edentulous areas were also recorded.

RESULTS:

OHIP scores were positively correlated with the number of missing teeth (r = 0.29) and the number of edentulous spaces (r = 0.37). Subject’s age and socio-economic status were more important co-variables influencing OHIP scores as compared to gender and educational level. Generally, higher OHIP scores were recorded for subjects who had anterior edentulous spaces, distal extension spaces or multiple and larger bounded spaces. Also much higher scores were recorded in those having bounded and distal extension spaces in addition to anterior spaces. OHIP-statements with high scores as an indication of adversely affecting QoL were those related to the function of chewing and esthetics. Some OHIP-statements that had been tested in other countries were found un-important for determining oral-health-related-quality-of-life (OHRQoL) in the present subjects.

CONCLUSION:

With their varying influence, missing teeth, edentulous spaces, age and socio-economic status proved important variables influencing both the OHIP scores and OHRQoL.

KEY WORDS:

Oral health-related quality of life, Oral health impact profile scores, Impaired oral health, Missing teeth, Edentulous areas.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare and evaluate the retention rate, marginal integrity and surface structure of glass-ionomer [Fuji III] with resin based fissure sealants [3M ESPE].

METHODOLOGY:

This study had a spilt mouth design using contralateral mandibular permanent first molars with well defined fissures and was conducted on 50 school children. First half of the children were randomly selected and applied glass-ionomer sealant on one side followed by resin-based sealant on contralateral tooth and vice versa. Quality evaluation was done by calibrated examiner on 4th, 8th and 12th month after application of sealant. Mann-Whitney test was done for the treatment difference and Wilcoxon signed ranks test was done for evaluation of sealants at different intervals and significance level was set at 0.05.

RESULT:

At 12th month evaluation, extensive loss of sealant was recorded in 44% of the glass-ionomer sealant, where as none of the tooth scored extensive loss for light cure resin-based sealant (p-0.0001). Light cure resin-based sealant (88%) had better adaptation compared to glass-ionomer sealant (28%) (p-0.05). Only 6% scored smooth surface in glass-ionomer compared to 66% in light cure resin-based sealant (p-0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Since the retention, marginal integrity and surface structure of glass-ionomer seems to be clearly lower than that of resin-based sealant, more clinical evidence of the effect of glass ionomer on caries development after the loss of the sealant material should be collected before glass-ionomer sealants can be recommended for general use.

KEY WORDS:

glass-ionomer sealant, light-cure resin based sealant, retention, marginal integrity, surface texture and 1st permanent mandibular molar.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the shear strength of bonding of two water-based adhesives; namely etch-rinse Syntac Single-Component adhesive and one-step self-etch Adper Prompt L-Pop adhesive to dry or moist dentin.

METHODOLOGY:

A total of 40 extracted teeth and two water-based adhesives were used in this study. Teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each according to the adhesive / dentin condition as follows; Syntac Single-Component / dry dentin, Syntac Single-Component / moist Dentin, Adper Prompt L-Pop / dry dentin and Adper Prompt L-Pop / moist dentin. Filtek Z250 resin composite cylinder was built up on each specimen, and then thermocyced. A shear load was applied to the specimens using Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until failure occurred. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test at 95% confidence level.

RESULTS:

The mean shear bond strengths of Syntac Single-Component to dry and moist dentin were significantly higher than Adper Prompot L-Pop bonded to dentin with similar conditions.

CONCLUSION:

The low mean shear strengths of bonding Adper Prompot L-Pop to dry and moist dentin could be attributed to the presence of weak acids and the absence of acetone and ethanol solvents in the adhesive itself

KEY WORDS:

shear bond strength, self-etch adhesives, dry dentin, moist dentin, water based-adhesives.

Diabetes Mellitus is a nutritional metabolic disorder characterize by various oral and systemic problems. These patients when referred to dentist or prosthodontist for the provision of prosthetic treatment require multidisciplinary approach. In this article special focus is emphasized on the various factors important factors to be kept in mind when providing prosthodontic treatment for such patients.

KEYWORDS:

Diabetes Mellitus, Clinical features, Prosthodontics Management.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to find the experience of early childhood caries (ECC) in children at Fatima Jinnah dental college hospital, Karachi in the period of six months and its relationship with feeding practices.

A total of 521 children 2- 6 years of age were screened for the present study who came to Fatima Jinnah dental college hospital Karachi in the period of Sept-Dec 2008 and June- July 2009. Examination and detection of the caries was solely based on visualization. A parent or a caregiver was asked to complete a questionnaire regarding information about the child, their oral hygiene, social class and feeding practices. The modification of Kuppuswami scale was used to classify the socioeconomic status. The rate and pattern of caries were analyzed and each child was classified as mild, moderate or severe ECC.

RESULT:

There is a strong and significant relationship between the presence of early childhood caries and the degree of feeding abuse. Children from low socioeconomic status have increased early childhood caries. CONCLUSION:The experience of early childhood caries was 50.1% in the children attending dental opd of Fatima Jinnah Dental College Hospital in the period of six months. Early childhood caries were more in children who were always taking a feeding bottle especially to bed at night and those who consume cariogenic snacks and were increasingly seen in lower socioeconomic groups.

KEYWORDS:

Early childhood caries, bottle-feeding, socioeconomic status, cariogenic snacks.